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The gram stain consists of coloring dyes like crystal violet and saffron. Gram-ve bacteria cannot retain this crystal violet and instead retains saffron color. So when stained with grams stain, crystal violet, peptidoglycan retains it giving violet color to gram +ve bacteria. In gram +ve bacteria there is a thicker peptidoglycan layer while gram -ve has less peptidoglycan and more of glycolipid membrane. The gram staining helps in the differentiation of bacteria as gram-positive and gram-negative. This bacterial cell wall is made of materials like the carbohydrates, proteins and lipids in varying proportions. Gram stain is used to classify these bacteria based on the variation in the layers. Staining: Cell wall of bacteria differs based on the layers in it.

Rod-shaped bacteria, illustration-Getty images You may also like the Differences between Bacterial cell and Human cell. Bacterial cell wall feature has features useful for classification. The cell wall is a characteristic plant cell. Some of the aspects of bacterial classification also help in the identification of bacteria. Of these bacteria, those harmful and useful to humans are widely studied in medicine and pharmacy while those pathogenic bacteria which cause the disease to plants and animals are extensively studied in agriculture and animal husbandry sciences.